topographic model

the original division of the psyche into three regions or systems as proposed by Sigmund Freud in 1900. The divisions are (a) the unconscious (Ucs), made up of unconscious impulses clustering around specific drives or instincts, such as hunger, thirst, and sex, as well as any repressed childhood memories associated with them; (b) the conscious (Cs), which enables the individual to adapt to society, distinguish between inner and outer reality, delay gratification, and anticipate the future; and (c) the preconscious (Pcs), which stands between the conscious and unconscious and is made up of logical, realistic ideas intermingled with irrational images and fantasies. Also called descriptive approach; systematic approach; topographic hypothesis. Compare dynamic model; economic model. See also structural model.

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Psychology term of the day

December 19th 2024

Monte Carlo research

a simulation technique in which a large number of samples with specific selected properties (e.g., normality, size, model type) are generated by computer in order to assess the behavior of a statistical procedure or parameter under varying conditions. For example, an investigator might conduct Monte Carlo research with a large number of normally distributed samples of various sizes (e.g., N = 50, 100, 200, 400, 800) in which a structural model is applied to characterize the data. Results would help the researcher determine the conditions under which the model behaves correctly (i.e., fits the data) as well as shows its limits (e.g., not fitting well with sample sizes less than 200). Also called Monte Carlo method.