any method used to assess memory for information following its initial presentation or acquisition. Several broad categories of such measures exist, including free recall, serial recall, recognition method, and savings method. Retention measures may be immediate (given right after the learning session) or delayed (given some hours, days, weeks, or other time period after the learning session), and they may be for implicit memory as well as explicit memory.
n. a person who consistently achieves below his or her demonstrated capacity. Underachievement may be specific to an area of study or work, or it may be general. It is more prevalent among boys than girls and is quite common in bright and even gifted children. It is also prevalent among average students and children with special needs. Compare overachiever.