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caffeine

n. a CNS stimulant found in coffee, tea, cola, cocoa, chocolate, and certain prescribed and over-the-counter medications. It is an antagonist of the neuromodulator adenosine. Caffeine belongs to the methylxanthine group of alkaloids, and its effects include rapid breathing, increased pulse rate and blood pressure, and diminished fatigue. Precise effects vary with the amount ingested and the tolerance of the individual. Moderate doses produce an improved flow of thought and clearness of ideas, together with increased respiratory and vasomotor activity; large doses may cause caffeine intoxication and substance-induced anxiety disorder. Because of its stimulant effects, caffeine is used in wake-promoting agents and in certain analgesics and cold remedies containing ingredients that usually cause drowsiness. See also aspirin combinations.

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Psychology term of the day

January 19th 2025

life review

life review

the process whereby individuals, especially older adults, reflect upon and analyze past life experiences. Life review, or analytical reminiscence, is often made use of in counseling older adults with symptoms of mild depression or people of any age with terminal illness, sometimes as an adjunct to psychotherapy. [defined in 1961 by U.S. gerontologist and psychiatrist Robert N. Butler (1927–2010)]