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vicarious extinction

a phenomenon in which behavioral inhibitions are eliminated by observational experiences alone, with accompanying generalized and enduring reductions in fear arousal and avoidance behavior. Vicarious extinction requires exposing observers to stimulus events in which a model repeatedly exhibits approach responses toward a feared object without incurring any aversive consequences. For example, vicarious extinction for a person who is afraid of dogs might involve watching as another individual engages with a series of different dogs in a pen and interacts with each one in a way that becomes progressively more involved (e.g., petting, then feeding, then leash walking, then picking up each animal) without being bitten or experiencing other negative consequences.

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Psychology term of the day

May 8th 2024

weapons effect

weapons effect

increased hostility or a heightened inclination to aggression produced by the mere sight of a weapon. If provoked, individuals who have previously been shown a weapon will behave more aggressively than will those who have not. Subsequent research has indicated that this aggressive behavior is primed by the sight or suggestion of weapons (see priming) and that any other object associated with aggression can have the same effect. [identified in 1967 by U.S. psychologists Leonard Berkowitz (1926–  ) and Anthony LePage]