time sampling

in direct observation, a data collection strategy that involves noting and recording the occurrence of a target behavior whenever it is seen during a stated time interval. The process may involve fixed time periods (e.g., every 5 minutes) or random time intervals. For example, a researcher may observe a group of children for 10 seconds every 5 minutes for a specific 30-minute period each day, noting the occurrence or nonoccurrence of particular behaviors (overt actions). Observations taken during these periods are known as time samples. An individual score is assigned on the basis of one or more of the following: (a) the number of time units in which the defined behavior occurs, (b) the total frequency of occurrence of the defined behavior in the total observational time, and (c) the average frequency of the defined behavior per unit of time. See partial-interval recording; whole-interval recording.

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Psychology term of the day

October 5th 2024

resilience

n. the process and outcome of successfully adapting to difficult or challenging life experiences, especially through mental, emotional, and behavioral flexibility and adjustment to external and internal demands. A number of factors contribute to how well people adapt to adversities, predominant among them (a) the ways in which individuals view and engage with the world, (b) the availability and quality of social resources, and (c) specific coping strategies. Psychological research demonstrates that the resources and skills associated with more positive adaptation (i.e., greater resilience) can be cultivated and practiced. Also called psychological resilience. See also coping behavior; coping-skills training. —resilient adj.