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Theory X and Y

two contrasting types of managerial philosophy: Theory X managers assume that workers are passive, lazy, and motivated only by money and security, whereas Theory Y managers assume that workers want to grow psychologically and desire autonomy and responsibility. It is hypothesized that these assumptions are self-fulfilling, so that workers who are subjected to Theory X management will act in a lazy and untrustworthy manner, and those who are subjected to Theory Y management and are provided with a workplace that encourages psychological growth will show creativity and initiative. A Theory X manager is authoritarian in leadership style, whereas a Theory Y manager is participative and democratic. [described by Douglas McGregor (1906–1964), U.S. management consultant and social psychologist]

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Psychology term of the day

January 15th 2025

respiratory disorder

respiratory disorder

a general term for any disorder involving one or more components of the respiratory system, such as the diaphragm, lungs, trachea, larynx, or nasal cavities. See also asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.