Theory X and Y

two contrasting types of managerial philosophy: Theory X managers assume that workers are passive, lazy, and motivated only by money and security, whereas Theory Y managers assume that workers want to grow psychologically and desire autonomy and responsibility. It is hypothesized that these assumptions are self-fulfilling, so that workers who are subjected to Theory X management will act in a lazy and untrustworthy manner, and those who are subjected to Theory Y management and are provided with a workplace that encourages psychological growth will show creativity and initiative. A Theory X manager is authoritarian in leadership style, whereas a Theory Y manager is participative and democratic. [described by Douglas McGregor (1906–1964), U.S. management consultant and social psychologist]

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Psychology term of the day

October 11th 2024

talent

n. an innate skill or ability, or an aptitude to excel in one or more specific activities or subject areas. Talent cannot be accounted for by normal development patterns and is often not maximized, as its nurturance requires time, energy, sacrifice, dedication, and resources from parents, mentors, and the talented person. Ideal circumstances for the development of a talent include enjoyment of the talent for its own sake and a clear perception of how it can be exploited to fulfill the individual’s long-term aspirations. —talented adj.