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stimulus substitution

a way of characterizing the outcome of classical conditioning when the conditioned stimulus is said to have taken on the functions of the unconditioned stimulus. For example, in Ivan Pavlov’s early experiments, the sound of a tone paired with food eventually came to elicit salivation, just as the food did; that is, the tone substituted for the food. This characterization is no longer widely accepted.

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Psychology term of the day

May 9th 2024

ecosystemic approach

ecosystemic approach

an approach to therapy that emphasizes the interaction between the individual or family and larger social contexts, such as schools, workplaces, and social agencies. The approach emphasizes interrelatedness and interdependency and derives from diverse fields, including psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science. Family therapy in particular, has made use of this approach in designing interventions for complex families and systems. See also ecological systems theory. [developed in psychology by Urie Bronfenbrenner]