any emotion that depends on one’s appraisal or consideration of another person’s thoughts, feelings, or actions. For example, pride arises when one feels favorably evaluated by others and perceives concurrent gains in one’s status and rank relative to those others, whereas shame arises from one’s feeling poorly evaluated by others and perceiving losses in status and rank. Other commonly studied social emotions include admiration, embarrassment, envy, guilt, and jealousy. Recent neuroimaging studies reveal the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex in the processing of social emotions, with adolescents activating more lateral (anterior) regions and adults more posterior (temporal) regions of the medial prefrontal cortex.