a dream that occurs repeatedly. Sigmund Freud saw recurrent dreams as punishment dreams—rather than wish fulfillment dreams—and linked them to a masochistic need for self-criticism arising from fantasies of excessive ambition. Carl Jung regarded recurrent dreams as more revealing of the unconscious than single dreams, and he believed that in a dream series the later dreams often throw light on the earlier ones (see serial interpretation). Other psychologists see recurrent dreams as an attempt to come to terms with disturbing experiences.