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psychological universal

a psychological feature that occurs and is recognized across diverse cultures, albeit sometimes in different forms. In 1980, U.S. psychologist Walter J. Lonner (1934–  ) proposed a seven-level structure to categorize ideas and concepts that may qualify as psychological universals: (a) simple universals (e.g., the absolute facticity of human aggression); (b) variform universals (e.g., aggression takes on various forms in different cultures, but it always occurs); (c) functional universals (societal variations that have the same social consequences but are equilibrated for local relevance); (d) diachronic universals (universals of behavior that are temporally invariant but interpreted differently); (e) ethologically oriented universals (those with phylogenetic, Darwinian links); (f) systematic behavioral universals (various subcategories in psychology); and (g) cocktail-party universals (those things that all people feel but can only discuss as phenomena that defy measurement).

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Psychology term of the day

November 16th 2024

cardiopulmonary bypass machine

cardiopulmonary bypass machine

a mechanical device that carries out the functions of the heart and lungs for short periods during surgery involving these organs. The machine collects blood from the veins before it reaches the heart and circulates it through a plastic chamber in which it is freshly oxygenated before being pumped back into the patient’s arteries.