one of the original paper-and-pencil intelligence tests, devised in 1913 to assess the ability to plan ahead and apply reasoning to the solution of a problem. In its various forms, the Porteus Maze Test consists of a complex set of straight pathways that turn abruptly at right angles and run into numerous blind alleys. Only one pathway leads directly through the maze. [Stanley D. Porteus (1883–1972), Australian-born U.S. psychologist]