performance enhancing drug
a substance taken inappropriately or illegally (i.e., without a prescription) to build muscle, boost stamina, and increase speed for the purpose of achieving a heightened level of performance in competitive sports or to improve concentration for the purpose of achieving better performance in activities requiring sustained attention (e.g., studying, taking tests, conducting research, long-haul truck driving). The substances most often identified as performance enhancing drugs are anabolic-androgenic steroids (for enhanced physical functioning) and stimulant medications such as Adderall and Ritalin (for enhanced mental functioning), the latter used off-label from their prescribed purpose in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Anabolic-androgenic steroids and similar substances are specifically called appearance and performance enhancing drugs when used to improve one’s body image or fitness or to alter
one’s appearance in order to succeed in professions where performance is based on appearance (e.g., bouncers). Also called performance enhancement drug.