pediatric neuropsychology
a specialty that studies the behavior and cognitive abilities of children in terms of the neural mechanisms that underlie brain activity, especially in cases of brain damage or other neurological disorder. Clinical pediatric neuropsychology is the application of such study to the assessment and treatment of children with autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, language or learning difficulties, problems in motor skills development, and similar challenges. Age-appropriate tests of ability are used to draw conclusions relating specifically to the brain–behavior relationship in these individuals. See also clinical neuropsychology; school neuropsychology.