participant modeling
a procedure for changing behavior in which effective styles of behavior (e.g., of coping) are demonstrated step-by-step and analyzed by a therapist for an individual, who then practices the modeled behavior. Various aids are introduced to help the individual master the behavior, such as videotaped enactments of effective and ineffective behavioral responses to prototypical situations in a variety of social contexts (e.g., at school or work). By contrast, symbolic modeling is a procedure in which the individual only observes, but does not also practice, a modeled behavior as enacted in film, videotape, or other media. [developed by Albert Bandura]