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outgroup extremity effect

the tendency to describe and evaluate outgroup members, their actions, and their products in extremely positive or extremely negative ways. Compare ingroup extremity effect. See also linguistic intergroup bias.

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Psychology term of the day

February 1st 2025

optimism

optimism

n. hopefulness: the attitude that good things will happen and that people’s wishes or aims will ultimately be fulfilled. Optimists are people who anticipate positive outcomes, whether serendipitously or through perseverance and effort, and who are confident of attaining desired goals. Most individuals lie somewhere on the spectrum between the two polar opposites of pure optimism and pure pessimism but tend to demonstrate sometimes strong, relatively stable or situational tendencies in one direction or the other. See also expectancy-value model. —optimistic adj.