oppositional defiant disorder
in DSM–IV–TR, a behavior disorder of childhood characterized by recurrent disobedient, negativistic, or hostile behavior toward authority figures that is more pronounced than usually seen in children of similar age and lasts for at least 6 months. It is manifest as temper tantrums, active defiance of rules, dawdling, argumentativeness, stubbornness, or being easily annoyed. The defiant behaviors typically do not involve aggression, destruction, theft, or deceit, which distinguishes this disorder from conduct disorder. Oppositional defiant disorder should be distinguished from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, with which it often co-occurs. In DSM–5, the symptom characteristics have largely been retained but are divided into subgroups of mood (e.g., angry, irritable), behavior (e.g., argumentative, defiant), or vindictiveness.