a client-centered yet directive approach for facilitating change by helping people to resolve ambivalence and find intrinsic reasons for making needed behavior change. Originally designed for people with substance use disorders, motivational interviewing is now broadly applied in health care, psychotherapy, correctional, and counseling settings. It is particularly applicable when low intrinsic motivation for change is an obstacle. Rather than advocating for and suggesting methods for change, this approach seeks to elicit the client’s own goals, values, and motivation for change and to negotiate appropriate methods for achieving it. See also motivational enhancement therapy. [developed by U.S. clinical psychologist William R. Miller (1947– ) and South African-born British clinical psychologist Stephen Rollnick]