an integrative psychotherapy and method of symptom analysis that applies psychodynamic and cognitive behavior techniques to the treatment of individuals with personality disorders, specifically to their presenting problems and symptoms that relate to long-term interpersonal difficulties. Interventions are active and focused on attachment-based factors that maintain current dysfunction, with the goal of helping such individuals understand the source of and then modify their chronically self-destructive thoughts and maladaptive behavior. [developed by U.S. clinical psychologist Lorna Smith Benjamin (1934– )]