forms of address
conventional verbal formulas by which individuals address one another in written or spoken communication, such as Sir, Your Excellency, Mrs. Jones, and Darling. The forms used will reflect the relationship of those using them in various ways, such as whether they are of equal or unequal status; whether they are strangers, acquaintances, or intimates; and whether they wish to signal warmth, politeness, or displeasure. Certain forms of address may also be prescribed in specific situations, such as a courtroom. Very hierarchical and conservative societies (or parts of society) will often have elaborate conventions about the correct form to use when addressing those holding particular ranks or offices. In some languages, such as French and German, the form of the second person pronoun used (tu or Du as opposed to vous or Sie) will also be significant.