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culture-fair test

a test based on common human experience and considered to be relatively unbiased with respect to special background influences. Unlike some standardized intelligence assessments, which may reflect predominantly middle-class experience, a culture-fair test is designed to apply across social lines and to permit equitable comparisons among people from different backgrounds. Nonverbal, nonacademic items are used, such as matching identical forms, selecting a design that completes a given series, or drawing human figures. Studies have shown, however, that any assessment reflects certain socioethnic norms to some degree and hence may tend to favor people with certain backgrounds rather than others. For example, an item that included the phrase “bad rap” could be unclear, as the phrase could refer to unjust criticism or to rap music that was either not very good or rather good, depending on an individual’s common use of the word “bad.” See also cross-cultural testing.

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Psychology term of the day

November 23rd 2024

emotional intelligence

emotional intelligence

a type of intelligence that involves the ability to process emotional information and use it in reasoning and other cognitive activities, proposed by U.S. psychologists Peter Salovey (1958–  ) and John D. Mayer (1953–  ). According to Mayer and Salovey’s 1997 model, it comprises four abilities: to perceive and appraise emotions accurately; to access and evoke emotions when they facilitate cognition; to comprehend emotional language and make use of emotional information; and to regulate one’s own and others’ emotions to promote growth and well-being. Their ideas were popularized in a best-selling book by U.S. psychologist and science journalist Daniel J. Goleman (1946–  ), who also altered the definition to include many personality variables.