a practice in which females mate with several males but “choose” which one’s sperm will fertilize their eggs, concealing these decisions from the males. This practice allows females more choice in mate selection. In studies demonstrating cryptic female choice, it is the sperm that is genetically most compatible that fertilizes the female’s eggs, rather than sperm from the most attractive males.
any one of a limited set of emotions that typically are manifested and recognized universally across cultures. The list of primary emotions varies across different theorists. They often include fear, anger, joy, sadness, disgust, contempt, and surprise; some theorists also include shame, shyness, and guilt. Also called basic emotion; core emotion. Compare secondary emotion.