a standardized measure of cognitive load devised for use by NASA. After a test flight, pilots were asked to evaluate, using a simple decision tree, the handling qualities of the aircraft and the demands placed on themselves as a result of any deficiencies. It has since been adapted to many other settings. Also called Cooper–Harper rating scale; Cooper–Harper scale. [introduced in 1969 by George E. Cooper and Robert P. Harper Jr., U.S. pilots]