congenital glaucoma
an eye disease, present at birth, in which a sustained, abnormally high fluid pressure within the eyeball damages the optic nerve (see glaucoma). This causes enlargement of the eye (buphthalmos). In 70% of cases, both eyes are affected; the condition is found more frequently in males than in females and carries a 5% increased risk of occurrence in siblings and offspring. Congenital glaucoma may occur in association with many developmental syndromes (e.g., aniridia, Sturge–Weber syndrome). Decreased vision may result from optic atrophy, corneal clouding, astigmatism, visual deprivation, high myopia, and strabismus. In addition, children typically show photophobia and blepharospasm.