collective self-esteem
individuals’ subjective assessment of that portion of their self-concept that is based on their membership in social groups, such as families, teams, or schools, as well as on categories that have psychological significance for them, such as race, ethnicity, or nationality. Collective self-esteem is often measured using the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (CSES), developed in 1992 by U.S. social psychologists Riia K. Luhtanen and Jennifer Crocker (1952– ). Respondents evaluate their general group memberships across four subscales pertaining to membership esteem (evaluation of their worthiness as members of a group), private collective self-esteem (evaluation of the worthiness of the group), public collective self-esteem (evaluation of others’ perceptions of the group), and the importance of the group to their identity.