in DSM–IV–TR, a relatively rare subtype of schizophrenia characterized by abnormal motor activity, specifically motor immobility (see catalepsy; catatonic stupor) or excessive motor activity (see catatonic excitement). Other common features include extreme negativism (apparently motiveless resistance to all instructions or maintenance of a rigid posture against attempts to be moved) or mutism; peculiarities of voluntary movement, such as posturing or stereotyped movements; and echolalia or echopraxia. This subtype has been eliminated from DSM–5.