binomial probability
within a series of independent observations, the probability of observing a particular combination of outcomes for a variable that can assume only one of two values (e.g., 0 or 1; pass or fail) where there is a fixed likeliness of each value occurring. For example, consider a group of 10 individuals selected from a population of persons ages 40 to 45, with each selection unrelated to any other selection. A binomial probability could be calculated to determine the likeliness that seven of those individuals are married while three are not, given known information on the probability of persons of that age being married.