Bayesian

adj. denoting an approach to statistical inference and probability that enables previously known (a priori) information about a population characteristic of interest to be incorporated into the analysis. In Bayesian methods, estimated quantities are based in part on empirical data (i.e., what was actually observed) and in part on collective or individual knowledge about what to expect in the population (as captured in a prior distribution). See also posterior distribution. [Thomas Bayes (1702–1761), British mathematician and theologian]

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Psychology term of the day

January 13th 2025

discontinuity hypothesis

in Gestalt psychology, the viewpoint that emphasizes the role of sudden insight and perceptual reorganization in successful discrimination learning and problem solving. According to this view, a correct answer is only recognized when its relation to the issue as a whole is discovered. Also called discontinuity theory. Compare continuity hypothesis. See also aha experience; all-or-none learning; eureka task.