n.1. an experimental finding that is not a reflection of the true state of the phenomenon of interest but rather is the consequence of a flawed design or analytic error. For example, characteristics of the researcher (e.g., expectations, personality) or the participant (e.g., awareness of the researcher’s intent, concern over being evaluated) are common sources of artifacts. See also confound; demand characteristics. 2. any manufactured object, particularly a product of historical significance.