in the classical psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, the first phase of the identification process, which is rooted in the child’s initial dependence on the mother (as well as others) for basic biological and emotional needs. The child acquires the mother’s characteristics in the service of becoming his or her own source of reinforcement and comfort. The child also incorporates the mother into his or her superego (see ego-ideal). A weaker version of this is seen with other significant figures in the child’s life (e.g., teachers). Compare defensive identification.