a 20-item self-report measure developed at the University of California, Los Angeles, to assess subjective feelings of loneliness or social isolation. It consists of descriptive statements of feelings of loneliness and nonloneliness, rated on a scale of 1 (never), 2 (rarely), 3 (sometimes), and 4 (often). The range of possible scores is 20 to 80, with higher scores signifying greater loneliness. [developed in the 1980s by U.S. psychologists Daniel Russell, Letitia A. Peplau, and Carolyn E. Cutrona]