in DSM–IV–TR, a paraphilia characterized by the wearing of female clothes by a heterosexual male for the purpose of achieving sexual excitement and arousal. The term in DSM–5 is transvestic disorder, signifying that the paraphilia is only pathological if it causes distress or significant functional impairment. Whether disordered or not, it is distinct from transvestism, the nonsexualized cross-dressing by men or women of any sexual preference.