a participant’s score on a test before it is converted to other units or another form or subjected to quantitative or qualitative analysis. For example, a score may be transformed into a percentage (e.g., 45 correct answers out of 50 = 90%) or into a standardized metric such as a z score (mean of 0; standard deviation of 1) or a T score (mean of 50; standard deviation of 10). Also called unstandardized score.